Cognitive / Nootropics
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
Also known as: Beta-NMN · NMN supplement · Nicotinamide mononucleotide
One step closer to NAD⁺ than NR in the biosynthesis pathway. Human trials now confirm NAD⁺ elevation and metabolic benefits. Regulatory status in flux — FDA has moved to classify it as a drug.
Effective Dose
250–500mg / day
per clinical evidence
Evidence Level
Moderate
Cognitive / Nootropics
Mechanism
NAD⁺ precursor (one step closer than NR) — identical downstream effects
primary action
Best For
Anti-ageing
Energy, Metabolic health, NAD⁺ optimisation
This profile is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplementation, especially if you have pre-existing conditions or take medications.
What Is NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)?
NMN is the direct precursor to NAD⁺, one step ahead of NR in the NAD⁺ biosynthesis pathway (NR → NMN → NAD⁺). Early debate about whether NMN could be absorbed directly (or must convert to NR first in the gut) was resolved — NMN has dedicated transporters in the small intestine (Slc12a8) and is absorbed directly. Human trials now show NAD⁺ elevation and metabolic improvements.
How It Works: The Science
NMN is converted to NAD⁺ directly by NMNAT enzymes in tissues. It activates SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 (deacetylases regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, and DNA repair), PARP (DNA double-strand break repair), and improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle by NAD⁺-dependent SIRT1 activation of GLUT4 expression.
Primary Mechanism
NAD⁺ precursor (one step closer than NR) — identical downstream effects
Evidence-Based Benefits
Dosage Guide
Effective Dose
250–500mg / day
250–500mg/day. Sublingual NMN may improve bioavailability. Note: the FDA has signalled intent to restrict NMN as a drug — availability as a supplement may change. Check current regulatory status.
Safety Profile & Side Effects
Well tolerated in published human trials. No significant adverse effects at 250–500mg/day. Regulatory uncertainty is the primary practical concern.
Who Should (and Shouldn't) Take It
Those specifically interested in NAD⁺ optimisation and anti-ageing, willing to pay a premium over NR. Effect size difference between NMN and NR is not definitively established in head-to-head trials.
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Ingredients
Medical Disclaimer
Ingredient profiles are for informational purposes only and do not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplementation, especially if you have pre-existing conditions or take medications. Full disclaimer →