ING-145Ingredient Research Profile

Cognitive / Nootropics

Ginkgo Biloba

Also known as: EGb 761 · Ginkgo extract · Maidenhair tree extract

●●○Moderate Evidence

One of the oldest botanical cognitive aids. Improves cerebral blood flow and has antioxidant properties. Consistent evidence for cognitive function in elderly; modest benefits in healthy adults.

Effective Dose

120–240mg / day

per clinical evidence

Evidence Level

Moderate

Cognitive / Nootropics

Mechanism

Platelet activating factor (PAF) inhibition, antioxidant, cerebral blood flow increase

primary action

Best For

Memory

Circulation, Cognitive ageing, Altitude sickness

This profile is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplementation, especially if you have pre-existing conditions or take medications.

What Is Ginkgo Biloba?

Ginkgo biloba is derived from one of the oldest living tree species. EGb 761 (standardised to 24% flavone glycosides, 6% terpene lactones) is the most studied extract with over 300 clinical trials. Its primary actions are on cerebral and peripheral circulation, with secondary antioxidant and PAF-inhibiting effects.

How It Works: The Science

Ginkgolides inhibit platelet activating factor (PAF) — reducing platelet aggregation and improving blood rheology (flow). Bilobalide and ginkgolides are partial GABA antagonists and neuroprotective against glutamate excitotoxicity. Flavone glycosides quench superoxide radicals and reduce lipid peroxidation in neuronal membranes.

Primary Mechanism

Platelet activating factor (PAF) inhibition, antioxidant, cerebral blood flow increase

Evidence-Based Benefits

Improves cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment and dementia

moderate

Birks & Evans (2009) Cochrane review — significant improvements in cognitive function

Reduces symptoms of intermittent claudication (peripheral artery disease)

moderate

Multiple RCTs — significant increase in pain-free walking distance

Reduces altitude sickness symptoms

moderate

Bartsch et al. (2004) — significant reduction in AMS symptoms at 80–120mg twice daily

Dosage Guide

Effective Dose

120–240mg / day

120–240mg EGb 761/day in two doses. Allow 6–8 weeks for full cognitive effect. For altitude sickness: start 24–48 hours before ascent.

Safety Profile & Side Effects

Mild anticoagulant effect — avoid with warfarin, aspirin, and other blood thinners. Rare headache and GI upset. Avoid raw ginkgo seeds (toxic). EGb 761 extract is safe in clinical trials.

Who Should (and Shouldn't) Take It

Best for

MemoryCirculationCognitive ageingAltitude sickness

Who it's for

Older adults with cognitive concerns, those with peripheral circulation issues, and altitude travellers. In healthy young adults, cognitive benefits are modest — combine with other nootropics.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the recommended dose of Ginkgo Biloba?

120–240mg EGb 761/day in two doses. Allow 6–8 weeks for full cognitive effect. For altitude sickness: start 24–48 hours before ascent.

Is Ginkgo Biloba safe?

Mild anticoagulant effect — avoid with warfarin, aspirin, and other blood thinners. Rare headache and GI upset. Avoid raw ginkgo seeds (toxic). EGb 761 extract is safe in clinical trials.

How does Ginkgo Biloba work?

Who should take Ginkgo Biloba?

Older adults with cognitive concerns, those with peripheral circulation issues, and altitude travellers. In healthy young adults, cognitive benefits are modest — combine with other nootropics.

Related Ingredients

Bacopa Monnieri Lion's Mane Mushroom Phosphatidylserine (PS)

Medical Disclaimer

Ingredient profiles are for informational purposes only and do not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplementation, especially if you have pre-existing conditions or take medications. Full disclaimer →